Repeating operations and relations at line breakings

Linear Sigma Model at Finite Baryonic Density and Symmetry Breakings

The linear sigma model at finite baryonic density with a massive vector field is investigated considering that all the bosonic fields develop non zero expected classical values, eventually associated with condensates and corresponding to dynamical symmetry breakings which might occur in the QCD phase diagram. A modified equation for the classical vector field is proposed with its respective sol...

The Galois Connection between Operations and Relations

sets of relations are denoted by Rel (<κ) A and Rel (<∞) A , respectively. For an operation f ∈ Op A and a relation ρ ∈ Rel (μ) A we say that f preserves ρ, or ρ is compatible with f , and write f ⊥ ρ, if f(ρ, ρ, . . .) ⊆ ρ. Equivalently, f preserves ρ iff ρ is a subalgebra of the algebra 〈A; f〉 iff f if a homomorphism 〈A; ρ〉 → 〈A; ρ〉 of relational structures. For any pair κ, λ where each one o...

Relational Algebra Operations and Sizes of Relations

Metric details of topological line-line relations

Many real and artificial entities in geographic space, such as transportation networks and trajectories of movement, are typically modeled as lines in geographic information systems. In a similar fashion, people also perceive such objects as lines and communicate about them accordingly as evidence from research on sketching habits suggests. To facilitate new modalities like sketching that rely ...

Modelling Single Line Train Operations

Scheduling of trains on a single line involves using train priorities for the resolution of conflicts. The mathematical programming model described in the first part of this paper schedules trains over a single line track when the priority of each train in a conflict depends on an estimate of the remaining crossing and overtaking delay. This priority is used in a branch and bound procedure to a...